Brief analysis of the development of functional protective textiles

As a must-have item for the protection of human health, protective clothing should have a certain degree of safety, functionality, aesthetics and comfort, not only can effectively protect workers from the "bad" environment, but also highlight the high-tech application. In recent years, science and technology have made rapid progress, people's self-protection awareness has become stronger, and higher requirements have been put forward on the safety protection performance of fabric products. The progress of functional protective fabrics has been promoted subjectively and objectively.

2 Domestic and foreign research and development

2.1 Domestic status

China's protective clothing with special functions started late, and encountered various difficulties in progress. From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, the research and development of protective clothing became more and more active. In 1991, the preparation of the National Protective Clothing Research Association promoted the exchange and promotion of protective clothing technology. Since the 1990s, China's series has been installed. There are dozens of protective clothing, and it is widely used in all walks of life, and research and development of high-performance fibers, such as Nomex1313 and Nomex1414 fibers have begun industrial production, multi-functional protective clothing has been worn in different industries, such as Antistatic antibacterial and anti-virus protective clothing, fire and oil resistant, water and acid resistant protective clothing. The national standards, standards and local standards of various protective clothing have been continuously improved, and the supervision and inspection institutions have become increasingly sound. At present, although there are researches on the related technologies of protective clothing and product production in China, there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. There are still some problems in the protection of protective clothing in terms of multi-functional fit, protection and comfort coordination. Service standards and evaluation testing methods will need to be improved.

2.2 International Status

In recent years, the research and development technology of protective fabrics in the world has progressed particularly rapidly, and has become a very active branch of labor protection. With the continuous development of polymer materials, the variety and application fields of functional protective clothing are gradually expanding, and anti-virus clothing, insect-proof clothing, anti-infrared clothing, anti-cutting clothing, cooling clothes, spacesuits, etc. are constantly coming out, and have many functions. The protective clothing has also been successfully developed; high-performance multi-functional protective fabrics and new finishing processes are emerging. Nomex, Basofi1, Kerme1, PBI and other high-performance fiber-spun and blended chemical fiber fabrics with high temperature and fireproof protective clothing have been introduced to the market; International academic conferences on protective fabrics are frequently held; academic groups and standardization bodies for protective clothing are increasing, and new standards are being developed. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the European Committee for Standardization (CEX), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), etc. The organization has a professional committee or subcommittee on protective clothing.

3 Classification of functional protective fabrics

Functional protective fabrics are UV-resistant, radiation-proof, fire-resistant, high-temperature resistant, oil-resistant, acid-proof, static-eliminating, and weather-proof, providing safety protection for workers in hazardous environments to avoid the huge loss of life and property of rabbits. . The specific classification is as follows:

3.1 Classification by protection object

Depending on the object to be protected, functional protective fabrics can be divided into general and non-working protective fabrics. General protective fabrics refer to fabrics that are worn under general working conditions for general damage such as decontamination, mechanical wear, and anti-winding, such as protective gloves, sleeves, leggings, etc., which can be used in the field of mechanical finishing. Personnel provide safety and care. Generally, a wide range of protective clothing fabrics are available, and different grades of pure cotton, chemical fiber, and blended chemical fiber fabrics are suitable for production. Very practical protective fabrics are suitable for working environment that directly endangers workers' safety and health. They can survive and reduce occupational hazards. Their speciality is strong. The adopted fabrics must meet the technical requirements of national and industry special protective functions, mainly used in chemical industry. Metallurgy, petroleum, electronics, fire protection and other fields.

3.2 Classification by protection function

The function of protective fabrics is designed for very working environments. These environmental factors can be roughly divided into physical factors (high temperature, low temperature, wind, rain, water, fire, dust, static electricity, radioactive sources, etc.), chemical factors (toxic agents). , oil, acid, alkali, etc.), biological factors (insects, bacteria, viruses, etc.). According to the functional classification, the protective fabrics mainly include: fireproof and heat insulation, chemical protection, static electricity, water and gas permeable, radiation protection, cold and warm, cover, anti-mosquito, antibacterial and deodorant, oil repellent and other functional fabrics.

3.3 Classification by application area

According to the field of use, functional protective fabrics can be divided into public utilities, military, medical and health, leisure and leisure, industrial, construction, and agricultural. Most of the fabrics for public utilities, such as public transport protective clothing, adopt the materials of returning the finished materials and finishing the finished materials, increasing the eye-catching degree of objects (people, roads, etc.) to avoid accidents; military protective fabrics can be divided into bulletproof vests. Anti-nuclear clothing, anti-biochemical clothing, camouflage clothing, its role is to maximize the assistance of soldiers to effectively resist, prevent and combat harsh climatic conditions and conventional, biological and chemical warfare, according to information, with multi-functional anti-biochemical and harmful gases The protective clothing has been introduced; at present, the amount of medical protective fabrics is large, requiring comfortable wearing, convenient operation, safety, anti-virus, anti-bacteria, abrasion resistance, tear resistance, prevention of accidental cutting, washing-free, reducing surgical infection, etc. . American Gore's surgical barrier film Crosstech EMS fabric not only blocks blood, body fluids and virus penetration, but also breathability and comfort. Hao Xinmin and others developed a PTFE laminated film "SARS" protective clothing, with durable isolation virus, anti-blood penetration, anti-static, water-blocking, oil-proof, anti-bacterial, breathable and other versatility; leisure and leisure Protective fabrics mainly refer to protective clothing worn by motorcyclists, climbers, skiers, skaters, etc. For example, Dow Corning of the United States has developed an active protective system fabric that not only effectively protects the human body from damage, but also has ventilation. Sex, flexibility, sensitivity, portability, easy care and so on.